Focused Differentiation Essay Example

Centered Differentiation Essay Example Centered Differentiation Essay Centered Differentiation Essay This kind of methodology takes a shot at focusing on slender market specialty where purchasers needs and inclinations are particularly unique. It offers ascribes that intrigue explicitly to the specialty part and all the more frequently they can be uniquely crafted. Promoting of the item under this sort of technique is by conveying how item offering does the best hob of meeting specialty purchasers desires. The way to support this sort of methodology is by remaining submitted serving the specialty better that the contenders Non Stop Yachts is seeking after which kind of conventional strategy?What is appealing about the system and what are the dangers for Non Stop Yachts? Among the previously mentioned conventional serious systems, NSY is utilizing wide separation methodology through sell supplies and parts for super yacht. The organization offers a wide choice of items under various brand names. It is a one-stop shop through the Internet. They simply give the data and particular of each item with the goal that the clients have a wide scope of choices to pick from.With NonStopYacht.com, the organization turned into an online buying specialist and can be gotten to by clients in any piece of the world using Internet offering parts and supplies required by the super yachts. This exceptional engaging credit permits the organization to build unit deals. The upper hand of the organization is their capacity to serve their clients any place they are a direct result of the wide scope of system of providers, the adaptability of the cost structure and the straightforwardness of the charging. : In spite of the fact that this sort of procedure of NSY was dangerous on the grounds that not all that visit the site are certain customers.There is an incredible possibility that they will simply be utilized as a wellspring of data for clients. There is additionally a likelihood that those customary buying specialists will open their own web based business webpage. So separated from the normal clients that they have they can enlarge their market using web based business. Assess Non Stop Yacht’s esteem chain to decide if there is potential for minimal effort administration, seriously significant separating qualities, or a best-cost supplier advantage according to competition.The NSY Value Chain Value chains comprise of the means in including an incentive towards the last creation of attractive merchandise and enterprises. It maps the range map exercises and business work required to carry an item or administration to the market, from origination and structure to the extraction of crude materials and afterward all the means engaged with building up the item or administrations into its last buy structure. The worth chain runs from origination to utilization and consolidates all the parts of creation, circulation and exchange.According to (Porter 1980) it very well may be shown utilizing the figure beneath Inbound coordinations, tasks, outbound coordinations, showcasing and deals and administrations are the essential exercises in the organization. Firm foundation, human asset the executives, innovation advancement and obtainment are the auxiliary exercises. Another face for esteem chain can depict the exercises inside the Non Stop Yacht web based business. For an efficient this that is reliant on the online network, the worth chain can be portrayed in the accompanying manner:Awareness in systematic this implies producing traffic, driving guests to visit and take a gander at your webpage. Constant Yacht put forth attempts to make the open realize that this site exists by making sure about high position among the more mainstream web crawlers for catchphrase search. Be that as it may, this doesn't function admirably for the organization on the grounds that the development in deals was little. Being a severe Internet based business doesn't work for NSY. So to make the clients realize that their organization exist they move to an open available territory and put a few PCs that can be utilized by yacht crew.Non Sop Yacht new plan of action, from Purely Inter Based business to Hybrid physical undertaking, make the organization increasingly available to the yacht group. Particularly when they put another office in Palma Spain and publicize the company’s site in three significant distributions that were habitually perused and referenced by commanders and teams: Professional Yachtsman’s Association News, The Yacht Report and Showboats. Participation of Non Stop Team in significant vessel appears in Europe and United States helped the organization. Interest.When chiefs and teams took in the presence of an internet buying operator named Non Stop Yacht. They become keen on realizing what are the new contributions of this organization that make it not quite the same as the current buying offices. Constant Yacht gave a convincing incentive to the team of super yacht and uber yacht , which incorporates: A state-of-the-art inventory on CD Automatic representing the commander or yacht the board organization Password secured consumption level for skippers and engineersAutomatic receipt duplicates Link into support booking programming whenever utilized on the yacht Easy re-requesting of parts or gathering of parts Intelligent extra deals with moment access to accessible choices Product picture and parts chart NO time region gives This issue free internet buying offered by Non Stop make want to the yacht proprietors, chiefs and group to put in a request for their yacht parts and gracefully necessities. When the request is put, NSY needs to confirm the genuineness of the request before conveying it to the client.

Mobil Oil Australia Ltd & Well come International Pty Ltd (1998)

Questions: 1.Can a proposal in a one-sided contract be renounced if the gathering has just started the presentation? 2.Whether the conditions of the offer certain? Answers: Introducation: Mobil presented a plan known as the Circle of Excellence Scheme so as to improve the presentation of the establishment. He said that the establishment must accomplish 90% improvement in execution for a long time to acquire a free nine-year recharging of the establishment. After the expiry of 4 years, Mobil disposed of the plan and the establishments stopped to be judged. The cures looked for included legitimate activity against Mobil were started by 154 establishments; before the procedures Wellcome asserted recharging or harms for its multi year establishment. Wellcome won the earlier case under the steady gaze of the Federal Court where he guaranteed that those establishments that had accomplished 90% improvement in execution for as long as 4 years must be treated in the way as though they had been accomplishing 90% in the rest of the years. Significant laws and Principles A substantial agreement incorporates certain fundamental components that make it enforceable under the steady gaze of the courtroom (McKendrick 2014). These components incorporate offer, acknowledgment, thought, assurance, lawful aim and lawful limit. Any gathering, who is eager to go into an agreement with another gathering, will make a proposal to such gathering. An offer is characterized as an outflow of availability to go into an agreement with the legitimate aim to get limited by the agreement when the individual to whom such offer was made acknowledges it. The conditions of an offerBusiness Law must be clear and explicit; it must maintain a strategic distance from any type of uncertainty (Poole 2016). An offer is supposed to be acknowledged when the gathering to whom the offer was made imparts such proposal to the gathering who has made such offer. The gathering making the offer is known as the offeror and the gathering to whom such offer is and is known as the offeree. There a re two sorts of agreements respective agreements and one-sided contracts. Respective agreements are contracts where two gatherings go into a corresponding plan and every one of the gatherings vows to play out a demonstration as an end-result of the different partys guarantee to do a demonstration. In respective agreements, both the gatherings are limited by every others guarantees. In the occasion where gathering submits a break of either the authoritative terms or neglects to perform particular piece of their obligationn, that gathering is said to have submitted a penetrate of the agreement (Cartwright 2016). The distressed party gets qualified for pay for the harms endured by him because of such penetrate. One-sided contracts will be contracts where the offeror makes an offer and the offeree acknowledges the proposal by method of playing out their piece of the agreement. In any case, in contrast to respective agreement, in one-sided contracts permits just one gathering to make a guarantee. Under one-sided contracts, if the gathering or the offeree satisfies their piece of the agreement, the offeror is under legal commitment to satisfy its guarantee (Willmott et al. 2013). One-sided contracts require the individual who is making the proposal to satisfy his guarantee and the individual to whom the offer is made isn't under legal commitment to play out their obligation. In Business Law, the general standard is an offer gets revocable whenever before it is acknowledged and an agreement is shaped. If there should be an occurrence of one-sided contracts, when the necessary demonstration is performed, acknowledgment is viewed as made. Under such conditions, it is suggested that correspondence has been deferred as was expressed in the Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1892] EWCA Civ 1. According to the standard in one-sided contract, it can't be denied once the offeree has started the necessary execution. In Australian Woolen Mills Pty Ltd v. The Commonwealth [1954], the high court held that so as to offer ascent to a one-sided contract, an offerror must make a guarantee to the offeror, which will be made in kind for the doing of the necessary demonstration. The offeror will just be kept from renouncing any proposal before the offeree acknowledges such offer, if there is an estoppels or a suggested agreement. If there should be an occurrence of one-sided gets, an individual will be kept from dropping the agreement; in any case, if there should arise an occurrence of a penetrate of an agreement, it gets revocable (Andrews 2015). The estoppels rule shields an individual against any misfortune endured by him as a result of depending on any portrayal or guarantee. If there should arise an occurrence of one-sided gets, the rule of estoppels will be appropriate if the denied offer is hindering to the offeree (Furmston 2017). In two-sided contracts, absence of thought makes the agreement unenforceable under the steady gaze of the official courtroom. in one-sided contracts there is no thought as the gathering depends on a guarantee, accordingly, on the off chance that if the gathering endures, he can look for cures under the guideline of estoppels. The guideline of estoppels is material when the depending or the bothered party acts, depending on the portrayal and endure harms on the grounds that the direct of the representor was not in steady with his portrayal (Andrews 2016). Contentions of the gatherings and examination In the referenced case, both the gatherings propelled their conflicts under the watchful eye of the full court of the Federal Court. Wellcome contended that Mobil initiated them to affirm their support and yearly deciding by giving them a pamphlet, tape and leading provincial gathering. He likewise asserted that the lead of Mobil was totally deceptive. With all due respect, Mobil contended that their agents said that they have work to do which inferred that they were taking a shot at the plan offered to subject and that it was simply on the formative stage. He further contended that the offer was absolutely at the tact of the establishments and was not constrained. Besides, the plan was good for the two gatherings to the question and the plan didn't make any inconvenience the establishments either (Frey 2015). Moreover, since there was no thought as it was a one-sided contract and consequently, under these type of agreements, just when the offeree plays out their piece of the commitments, the offeror gets legal committed to satisfy his piece of the agreement (Bishop 2014). Here, as per the plan, if improvement were accomplished to the degree of 90% for a time of 6 years, they would get qualified with the expectation of complimentary nine-year recharging of their establishments. Along these lines, acknowledgment for this situation would be finished of the establishments accomplished 90% improvement toward the finish of 6 years; consequently, Mobil guaranteed that he was allowed to disavow the offer. The Federal Court of Australia was of the feeling that so as to shield the offeree who have depended upon the guarantee made by the oferror from being misused by the offeror, the accompanying elements must be thought about. One must consider the degree of execution by the offeree, that is, equity will differ between an offeree who has finished one percent of the necessary execution and an offerree who has finished 99 percent of the presentation. Further, according to the general guideline of one-sided contracts, if an offeree has just started his exhibition, the offeror can't disavow the offer. An offeror is banned from revocating the offer if the offeree has depended on the guarantee or has altogether finished the specified presentation. The court opined that the franchisee as of now began to play out their piece of the commitments so as to accomplish exclusive expectation to improve the effectiveness in the business. The court scrutinized the proposal that whether the franchisee have begun to play out their piece of the commitment as required by the proposal in the main year, a month, a week or even a day, it will regard to suggest that they have started the exhibition to accomplish 90% inside 6 years. The inquiry that emerges is does it tie Mobil not to repudiate the offer. Court result Under one-sided contracts, acknowledgment is supposed to be finished, if the offeree satisfies their piece of the commitment (Frey 2015). In the referenced case, the disavowal made by Mobil with respect to the offer was considered by the franchisees to be an inadequate demonstration of acknowledgment (Frazer and Terry 2015). As per the Trial Judge, when the offeror makes an offer, which expects execution to be a demonstration of acknowledgment, the offeror can't deny the offer if the offeree has begun satisfying his commitment. Be that as it may, the Full Court didn't concur with the choice given by the Trial judge. The full court held that in specific cases, there might be an inferred subordinate one-sided contract wherein the offerror guarantees the offeree that the offer will not be repudiated once the offeree begins starting the presentation required by the offer (Jackson 2015). In any case, this doesn't infer that the first offer can't be disavowed and there is no widespread recommendation as with the end goal that an offeror can't renounce any offer once the offeree begins to play out his piece of the commitment, in this manner finishing the demonstration of acknowledgment. The Full court of the Federal court held that the Mobil didn't make a proposal to the franchisee and gave its ruling against Wellcome expressing the grounds of its choice. The court declared that the delegate, Mr. Lurches, made his point understood that after Mobil proposed the plan, the franchisee said that they have been taking a shot at it, which suggested that the plan was at its advancement stage. In addition, the responsibility made by the franchisee to discover a way was excessively vague and needed sureness, which is basic so as to make a substantial legally binding commitment. Accordingly, there was no offer made by Mobil to the Franchisee. The court additionally expressed that under certain one-sided gets, an individual is kept from renouncing an offer except if there is a break of agreement as denying an agreement that has been penetrated, offers ascend to denial (O'Sullivan and Hilliard 2016). Where the offeree followed up on depending upon the guarantee of the offeror and the lead of the offeror makes harm the offer

Talking About Sex When Youre Married

Talking About Sex When You're Married Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems Print Talking About Sex When Youre Married By Sheri Stritof Sheri Stritof has written about marriage and relationships for 20 years. Shes the co-author of The Everything Great Marriage Book. Learn about our editorial policy Sheri Stritof Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Carly Snyder, MD on January 26, 2020 facebook twitter linkedin Carly Snyder, MD is a reproductive and perinatal psychiatrist who combines traditional psychiatry with integrative medicine-based treatments.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Carly Snyder, MD on January 26, 2020 SolStock/E/Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Although many experts believe that a majority of marriages today are in distress because of financial reasons, problems with sex and sexuality rank high, too. In fact, the topic of sex is the number one problem discussed in online relationship forums. It seems easier to talk to a stranger online than to your own partner. These conversations can bring up a log of anxiety in you and cause you to avoid having them altogether. Know that there are some strategies to make these talks easier and you are likely to find it worth the effort.   Being able to talk about sex with your partner is important for sexual satisfaction. Research has found that couples who have strong  sexual communication are actually more satisfied with their sex lives.?? When Is the Right Time to Talk About Sex Problems? Do not talk about sexual problems in your bedroom or at bedtime. Pick a more neutral location. Make sure the kids are not in earshot!Do not talk about sex right after having sex. Again, pick a more neutral time as well.  Do not blindside your spouse. If you want to talk about sexual problems, let your spouse know (without placing blame) that you think the two of you need to have a talk about your sexual intimacy. Set up a time to have the talk. How to Talk About Sex Problems There are some steps you can take to help make conversations about sex easier for both of you: Start Slow Have a soft start to the conversation. Begin with your goal to feel closer and connected with your spouse. Avoid blaming.  Skip criticisms and focus on things you can both do to make your sex life more fulfilling. Focus on Intimacy Remember that affection and intimacy are just as important as the frequency of sex.?? There are ways to build intimacy and feel more connected beyond intercourse, so be sure to talk about your needs for other types of affection as well. Skip the Surprises If you do not want to create more problems in your  sex life, dont purchase any  sex advice books  or sex toys  without discussing the issue with your spouse first. It is important that you are both on the same page, so you should always initiate those conversations first before springing any surprises on your partner. Talk about what you both might enjoy and fantasies you might have. If you do decide to introduce some of these into your relationship, research your options together. Express Yourself Talk with one another about your expectations, your fears, your desires, your concerns, and be honest. It is critical to talk about your innermost  feelings  about this.   Do not be afraid to talk about what you like sexually and what you dont like. Your comfort level is quite important to satisfying sex life.   Talk Often Realize that you may have to have a few conversations and not just one long conversation.  This is not a one-time conversation but should be an ongoing discussion and a normal part of your relationship. Research has found that talking to your partner about sex is linked to greater relationship satisfaction.?? Understand Your Style Explore with one another your sexual styles. All couples have these styles or moods at some point in time during their married lives: Spiritual:  This is a union of mind,  body, and soul that reflects your deep appreciation of being with one another. It can be created by noticing the small moments in your lives.Funny:  This style is when you can laugh and tease one another in bed. It is about having fun together. There  is  a light and playful undertone.  Angry:  This is making love even when youre ticked off at each other. This style can be healing. However, be sure that your problems are eventually talked about and resolved.Lusty:  This style is wicked and flirty. You may be giving each other seductive looks  or doing a quickie.  This is also about the joy of having sex just for the sake of sex.Tender:  This style is the gentle, romantic, healing sex that involves massages, light touches, and ministering to one another. You both are into the sensations of sex and focus on giving each other pleasure.  Fantasy:  The fantasy style is a collaboration between the two of you to be daring and to experiment a bit. Be car eful about sharing your personal  sexual fantasies  with one another. If you do decide to share your fantasies with your spouse, the two of you need to set guidelines and honor each others limits. It has been said that Good lovers are made, not born. If you truly want your sexual relationship to be all that it can be, you should take the time to talk with one another.   Communication  is an important part of great sex.?? This conversation is necessary for all couplesâ€"whether you are  newlyweds  or older, long-married couples.  Having a healthy sex life is a great gift and a gift to be enjoyed and nurtured. It is what makes a marriage specialâ€"more than just a platonic relationship.   Why You Shouldnt Worry About Masturbation in Your Relationship

Elementary Physical Science Fair Project Ideas

Trying to find the topic for a science fair project can be almost as challenging as the project itself. Helping a child decide on a project that doesnt involve huge expense, constant supervision or the danger of burning down the house need not be an impossibility. Elementary school level projects should be not only informative but quick and fun. Great projects usually answer a question, rather than a general demonstration or display. Remember that the project is your childs, let them have fun with it. Here is a list of ten ideas to help get past the difficult first step. Fly a kite.Making a kite is fun and easy. Adding a tail to the kite adds stability. Does a longer tail make the kite fly better? Try different lengths of tail or vary the number of tails.Parachutes - Throwing things for science. Make parachutes with garbage bags and fishing line. See if larger parachutes are better than smaller parachutes. Are square parachutes better than round ones? Long strings better than short strings?Swinging Pendulums.Make a simple pendulum from a string and fishing weight. How does varying the length of the string affect the period? Add more weight and see what that does.Musical Glasses.Running your finger around a wine glass to make a tone is always entertaining. Does the tone change if you use different liquids in the glass? Check to see if changing the amount of liquid changes the tone.Balloons and Static Electricity.If you rub a balloon against your hair or a wool sweater, you can generate enough static electricity to stick the balloon to a wall. How many rubs does it take to this? Do fuller balloons take more or less rubbing? Does the type of hair matter?Spaghetti Bridge.One piece of spaghetti is easy to break. Bundling several pieces together can support a lot of weight. Make bundles of spaghetti to make beams that span two chairs or tables. Hang a cup from the middle of the spaghetti beam and add fishing weights or bolts until the beam breaks. Is your bridge stronger if you bind the spaghetti with thread, glue, tape or rubber bands? Try different pastas. Is flat spaghetti stronger than round?Electromagnets.You can make a simple electromagnet with a lantern battery, copper wire and a nail. Wrap the wire around the nail several times and connect the ends to the battery terminals. Use the magnet to pick up iron filings. Increase the number of windings and see how the amount of filings your magnet picks up changes.Buoyancy with eggs.If you put an egg into a jar of water, the egg will sink. If you add salt to the water, the egg will s tart to float. How much salt does it take to float an egg to the top of the water? What if you used sugar instead of salt?Watt about light bulbs?Light bulbs come in several styles, sizes and wattages. What does the wattage mean? Do higher watt bulbs run hotter? brighter?Battery Battle.All battery makers claim their battery lasts longer. Why not see for yourself? Are more expensive batteries better? Does one brand stand out?How Strong Is It?Test the strength of trashbags, grocery store bags, or plastic wrap.Whitest of Them All.Which tooth whitener is best at removing stains and whitening? You can stain tile or another material with coffee, tea, berries, smoke, etc., then compare the whitening power of different toothpastes. Try something similar for laundry detergents or bathroom cleaners.Haircolor ColorfastnessGrab a human hair wig and dye different areas with the same color of haircolor, except different brands. Wash the wig and see which color lasts. Do any of the colors change in unexpected ways? Dont dont have a human hair wig? Try wool or another animal hair.

tragoed Metamorphosis of the Tragedy in Oedipus Rex,...

Metamorphosis of the Tragedy in Oedipus Rex, Hamlet, and Desire Under the Elms Tragedy is considered by many to be the greatest of the genres. Often something goes wrong and exposes something great. Characters generally have more depth as evidenced by Hamlet. Tragedy shows up in the great periods of history: Classical Greece, Renaissance, and the early 20th century. It is a far more complex genre than comedy or romance. It teaches people to think since the storylines never have a simple answer or resolution. We see this in Desire Under the Elms. Family relationships and inheritances are complicated and even when Abbie kills the baby, Eben decides to join her in her guilty plea when he is clearly not a participant in the†¦show more content†¦The Oedipal complex occurs, Freud believed, with most young boys. The father is seen as a rival for the mothers affections. Young boys soon realize that this idea has a vale of silence surrounding it and, as a result, they suppress these instincts. Playwrights use their plots sometimes for a psychological revealing of these taboo issues. The Oedipal Complex is at the center of the play Oedipus Rex and was, obviously, named for the title character. The oracle said that Oedipus would kill his father and marry his mother. In Hamlet, a closeness can be felt (and seen in the movie) between Hamlet and Gertrude. Shakespeare seems to have been pointing to the issue when he wrote the bedroom confrontation scene between Hamlet and his mother and even had King Hamlets ghost appear in a nightshirt. In Desire Under the Elms, Eben and his brothers voice their wish that their father were dead. They all had their first sexual experience with the same prostitute, but the complex really becomes clear in the parlor scene between Abbie and Eben and Ebens mothers ghost. Abbie offers to replace his mother and they make love for the first time in her room. The hero in tragedy has evolved through the years. In Classical Greek plays the hero was nobility and often a king, as with Oedipus. In Renaissance literature, or at least the sample we read, the hero is still noble but is now the prince rather than the

Research Paper on Scrap Metal Trade in Jamaica Free Essays

Introduction The scrap metal trade is a very controversial topic in Jamaica in recent times. Outside of registered dealers/traders, the industry has garnered interests from many others as it has become a way of life for providing quick income for households. Although the trade started out as a livelihood for these persons the paradigm has shifted and now stems more negatives than positives as unscrupulous persons has used it as an avenue to participate in illegal activities that resulted in the government (Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Scrap Metal Trade in Jamaica or any similar topic only for you Order Now Christopher Tufton – Minister of Industry, Investment and Commerce at the time) instituting an indefinite ban on the Scrap Metal trade in Jamaica in July of 2011. Jamaica has had a number of reported cases of theft of valuable equipment and infrastructure over the last four years amounting to approximately $1 billion (Barrett, 2011). It is for this reason many argue this industry is doing us more harm than good. Scrap Metal theft however is not exclusive to Jamaica; it is a global concern and has been for the past 10 years. Kooi (2010) articulates that the rise in Scrap metal theft is driven by offenders’ recognition that ample metal supplies remain unguarded and that the price of return remains historically high based on heavy international demand. The market conditions made unsecured metal susceptible to increased theft, while causing a boom in scrap metal exports that increased the scrap metal theft problem. It is evident that the scrap metal trade offered both positives and negatives to our country’s economy. It has provided job opportunities to many youths and has given them a sense of achievement as the income allows them to positively contribute to society and their families. It has also been the largest contributor in earnings to the export section â€Å"Crude Materials† for many years (STATIN, 2012). There has been some discourse from the new Minister of Industry, Investment and Commerce Andrew Hylton on reopening the trade with tough new regulations. This is controversial as the industry is earning less than the losses associated with it. This research seeks to address the questions: 1) What is the public’s sentiment on this controversial issue being faced by our country? 2) How great an effect does legislation have on illegal trading of Scrap Metal presently? 3) Does the problem exist in enforcement of the legislation in place for the Scrap Metal Industry? 4) What punishment measures are in place presently and do they differ from what Jamaican people want in place for Scrap Metal Theft? Statement of the problem: There has been a tremendous level of theft of infrastructure reported from private companies being traded illegally. The focal point of this research is to explore the influence of legislation, enforcement (or lack thereof) of this legislation and punishment measures on illegal trading of Scrap Metal. Significance of the study: The contribution of the Scrap Metal trade to Jamaica’s earnings is significant, however the losses from theft and illegal trading supersedes its gains. It’s been over a year since the ban was instituted on the Scrap Metal trade and many are still suffering. The placard of a protester (someone who used to have a livelihood from collecting scrap metal) in Riverton Meadows last November read â€Å"When we have no work our kids are robbed of their future† (Jamaica Observer, November 9 2011). It’s hard not to be concerned about the future of our children. But it is also hard to see the detriment this is causing our nation â€Å"Bridges? Water Pipes? Telephone cables? Railway lines? Gates? Road Signs? Not even the dead are spared as these worthless scavengers dig up graves in order to rob the coffins of metal handles. (Editorial – Jamaica Observer July 28 2011, para. 2). As a developing nation, we need to foster growth in all our sectors but at the same time we need to be operating in public interest and for the good of the whole instead of only in the interest of particulars. Hence, in order to act in support of the livelihoods of our people and protect our infrastructure, while fostering growth within the Scrap Metal t rade sector, it is adamant that studies like this are done to look at reducing illegal trading. Research Question: What protocol can be established to minimize illegal trading in the Scrap Metal Industry of Jamaica? General Research Objective: To determine the extent to which legislation, enforcement of the legislation and punishment measures may influence illegal trading of Scrap Metal in Jamaica. Other Objectives: * To generate a public poll on this controversial issue being faced by our country. * To investigate how great an effect legislation has on illegal trading of Scrap Metal. * To examine if the problem exists in enforcement of the legislation in place for the Scrap Metal Industry. To determine what punishment measures the Jamaican people want in place for Scrap Metal Theft. General Research Hypothesis: Better legislation, enforcement and punishment measures will have a strong negative impact on illegal trading of Scrap Metal in Jamaica. Sub Hypotheses: The higher the level of legislation put in place for Scrap Metal Dealers, the lower the level of illegal trading. The higher the level o f enforcement of the legislation in place for the Scrap Metal Industry, the lower the level of illegal trading. The higher the level of punishment measures for Scrap Metal theft, the lower the level of illegal trading. Independent Variables Dependent Variable Illegal Trading Legislation Enforcement Punishment Measures Illegal Trading Legislation Enforcement Punishment Measures Literature Review This section contains a review of literature that is related to the concerns of this research paper as well as the conceptualisation of variables chosen. The literature will provide a layout and critical analyses of what has already been researched in relation to the Scrap Metal Trade Industry here in Jamaica as well as abroad. It is our hope that the literature review will provide a broader perspective on this very pertinent issue being faced by our country today. According to the Ministry Paper Trade Regulations for the Scrap Metal Industry Italy experienced severe delays in the train system due to the theft of copper wires and a number of states across the United States have also been reporting theft of copper wires that support their commercial infrastructure. This paper further states that the Caribbean countries Dominican Republic and Guyana have also experienced increased criminal activities related to scrap metal industry whereby Guyana is considering banning the export of the product altogether in an effort to stop the damage that it is causing the country’s infrastructure and other productive sectors. In recent years however, the problem has been a growing concern in Jamaica. â€Å"Prior to 2003, the scrap metal trade in Jamaica was more or less limited to a small domestic market and, consequently, the impact of scrap metal theft on other sectors was not significant†. CAPRI Policy Brief B122, January 2012 p. 4). However the article further stated that â€Å"A noticeable increase in scrap metal theft coincided with the sudden rise in scrap metal prices in 2003†, as there has been an increasing growth in the export market, increasing from US$13. 3 million in 2005 to US$99. 58 million in 2006. As a result, â€Å" a n interim response to the issue an Order, entitled â€Å"The Trade (Prohibition of Export) (Scrap Metal) Order 2007† was gazetted on October 31, 2007 to temporarily prohibit all exports of scrap metal until trade regulations are introduced. The Order recognized shipments already â€Å"entered† for export into the Customs Department system up to October 30 th 2007. (Ministry Paper Trade Regulations for the Scrap Metal Industry) The Government has banned the multi-billion dollar scrap metal trade. Dr. Christopher Tufton, the Minister of Industry, announced the ban at a press conference Tuesday afternoon in July of 2011. Dr. Tufton said the ban came against the background of the widespread theft of metals over the past three years as well as the warnings to scrap metal dealers to implement measures to curb the illegal activities in the trade. Jamaica and other countries to include different states in the United States of America recommended various policies to regulate the scrap metal trade and how to minimize illegal trading. The scrap metal trade in Jamaica does not require a copy of the seller identification be taken and kept on records by the purchasing of dealers. However the 2007 Wisconsin Act 64, requires scrap metal dealers to ask for identification and proof of ownership. The Act further stated that â€Å"seller and deliver of metals must provide motor vehicle operator license, current photograph identification which includes the person’s full name, current address, date of birth and identification number†. The Caribbean Policy Research Institution at the University of the West Indies in Mona also support this act in its â€Å"10 steps to Scrap Metal Solution† as policy 3 require that a â€Å"copy of the seller’s identification be taken and kept on record by the purchasing dealer†, and pointed out that this would ensure that a paper trail is created for transaction at the origin. Currently the Jamaica laws do not furnish a specific punishment for metal theft. However, the B. C. government is hoping to reduce metal theft, with new legislation that requires scrap metal dealers to report them to the police. Under the proposed law dealers will have to record the names and addresses of metal sellers and where the sellers got the material, and pass this information on to the police (Renzetti, London â€Å"The Globe and Mail†, July 2012). On the other hand responses in Kooi article recommended Offering reward money for tips on metal thieves. This way Police, crime prevention organizations, or companies victimized by scrap metal theft can establish hotlines and offer reward money for tips about suspected scrap metal theft. (p 31) Methodology This section will present an overview of the methods that were employed in conducting this research. Research design, population and sampling as well as the instrumentation used for data collection will be the areas of discussion. Research Design Due to the nature of the research, descriptive research was undertaken. It is felt by the researchers that this type of research was the most suitable for the topic under scrutiny. Our research is descriptive in the fact that we merely wish to observe the public’s sentiment on the issue as well as the reasons for the downfall of the scrap metal trade industry in Jamaica. The researchers do not intend to change the way Scrap Metal is traded; instead we have sought to obtain a general overview on the extent to which legislation, enforcement of the legislation and punishment measures may influence illegal trading of Scrap Metal in Jamaica. Due to the short time frame that the research was done in, it took the characteristics of a cross sectional study which takes a snapshot of the population at a given time (August – September 2012). The researchers engaged in qualitative methods of gathering data, where questionnaires were administered, an interview was conducted and previous researches on the topic were utilized. Population Sampling Non-probability sampling was applied to the research, specifically Judgemental/Purposive sampling. Due to our research topic, the population being looked at was residents of Kingston, Jamaica who were perceived to be informed on the topic. Within that population our target groups were members of the Jamaica Constabulary Force, employees of the Ministry of National Security, Truckers/Collectors of Scrap Metal and general working professionals (public sector workers, Physicians, Educators, members of the Research and Economic Programming Division of the Bank of Jamaica, Students and the Self-employed). Our proposed target sample size was 100 persons, however, after 100 questionnaires were administered, only 86 questionnaires were returned. Some respondents failed to answer all questions on the instrument therefore for those questions not answered, (e. g. Questions 4, 9, 10-12) their sample size was reduced by three, four and three respectively. Instrumentation for Data Collection Due to the nature of the research topic, qualitative research in the forms of questionnaires and an interview was used to collect data. The questionnaire consisted of twelve questions of both open-ended and closed-ended response formats. There were only two open-ended response format questions (questions 1 and 9(partially) -please see appendix for a copy of the instrument). The closed-ended response format which the rest of instrument demonstrated provided fixed responses. These responses used mainly nominal ranking (e. g. Questions 1-6, 8-12) and also ordinal (e. g. Question 7). The questionnaire’s purpose was to adequately obtain the respondents’ opinions about the relationship between the independent and dependent variables outlined for this research. The combination of questions all addressed concepts such as the public’s opinion on the ban placed on the Scrap Metal Industry, where they thought the weakest link in the trade was, rules and regulations in place and punishment measures for Scrap Metal theft . An interview was conducted with a Mr. Derrick Mitchell on Wednesday, September 05, 2012. Mr. Mitchell is a licensed dealer in Clarendon and operates Mitchell’s Scrap metal. This interview consisted of open-ended questions which gave him ample freedom in his responses (please see appendix for a copy of the questions asked). In addition, electronic research as well as a thorough overview of this very current topic in the media was employed to aid in background information discussed in the literature review and throughout this paper. Findings and Discussion After giving some background to the topic of interest by reviewing relevant literature, providing the conceptualization and operational definitions of our variables, discussing how the sample was chosen and the instrumentation used to obtain data, this section will now look at our results from the interview conducted and questionnaires administered and returned. Interview Results He stated that the government is responsible for closing down the trade and that there are poor regulations in the monitoring system. He also mentioned that the customs officers are not fully monitoring the containers as they often leave the container open over night that will attract the criminals to load on illegal metals or metals that they are not licensed to be traded. He mentioned that each dealer should have license that allows them to trade various types of metals but because of the theft if gets them into trouble as there containers will be found with metal that they should not be trading. Mr. Mitchell mentioned that if the customs officers were caring out there duties properly they would detect the illegal metals before export. He recommends that instead of having one central site ( as is being proposed in the new regulations by Minister Andrew Hylton) that the government look at setting up regional sites as this may be more feasible for the rural traders. Transporting metal to the central site for checking will quickly become a costly burden for traders. Survey Results Findings There were one hundred questionnaires administered and eighty-six returned. Below are the results from the survey: Figure 1 below shows the public sentiment on the ban placed on the Industry which relates to question two of the questionnaire administered. It is evident why this issue is as controversial as it has been in recent times as the responses indicated almost a 50/50 split in opinion. 52% of respondents feel that the ban should not be lifted, while 48% feel it should be – one of this 48% exclaimed â€Å"We must recycle! Measures need to be put in place to protect the industry! † Figure 2 goes further to demonstrate how the public feels about the industry and who is to blame for the problems associated with it. This relates to question three of the questionnaire. Majority of the respondents believe the problem lies at the point of collection/scrap yards. Legislation Figure 3 relates to question eight of the questionnaire. It shows that 91% of the respondents think that Scrap Metal dealers should send a list of all metals purchased to the police in order to trace potentially stolen material. Figure 4 and 5 related to question eleven and twelve respectively. The answers to these questions were directly related. 81% of the respondents think the ban should remain on copper since it is a high target metal for theft, however that same 81% also believed that allowing select dealers only in the trade of copper was a smart alternative. Enforcement Figure 6 (relating to question six on the questionnaire) and Figure 7 (relating to question seven of the questionnaire) is showing that 93% of the public believe that rules and regulations need improving, and almost all respondents think there are â€Å"too little† measures in place currently. However, Punishment Measures Figure 8 shows the responses to question nine of the questionnaire. It alludes to how the public feels about Scrap Metal theft. Most respondents believed that being confined behind bars is the most appropriate punishment while at a close second was the punishment of paying a fine. This question also included an open-response format which allowed people to speak freely about their opinion on necessary punishment measures. Some of these responses included: â€Å"Entity suffering from the theft should be compensated to replace item†, â€Å"Person should provide labour (with stipend)to whomever was affected at the cost of the stolen metals†, â€Å"Standard meaningful fee for all, a thief is a thief – big or small! † and â€Å"Hard Labour Community service†. There were also suggestions of â€Å"Death Penalty† and â€Å"Life in Prison†, which indicate that people need the punishment measures for scrap metal theft to have some power of intimidation for these thieves. Conclusion (Answers to our sub research questions below) 1)What is the public’s sentiment on this controversial issue being faced by our country? 2)How great an effect does legislation have on illegal trading of Scrap Metal presently? 3)Does the problem exist in enforcement of the legislation in place for the Scrap Metal Industry? 4)What punishment measures are in place presently and do they differ from what Jamaican people want in place for Scrap Metal Theft? How to cite Research Paper on Scrap Metal Trade in Jamaica, Essays

Zoroaster Essays - Zoroastrianism, Demons, Monotheistic Religions

Zoroaster Introduction Some time in the history of the universe, no one is quite sure when, there was born a man. This man would eventually be the first to found a monotheistic religion. The name of this man is Zoroaster; the name is actually a corruption of Zarathushtra. Zoroaster's birth date, along with whether his religion is actually monotheistic, is a subject of great debate. The opinions concerning his birth, and consequently about the beginning of this great religion, range from as early as 6000 years before Plato to as late as 500 B.C.E. In any case he was born somewhere in Iran, although whether in the East or West is also arguable. In the early writings the people belonging to this religion are called Zarathustris; the system he taught is called Mazdaism. The present day followers are called Parsees. Zoroaster removed the multiplicity of deities from religion and created a faith in which there were two, or perhaps, one God. All other higher beings were regarded as demons, or evil spirits. No one knows for sure the different stages of popularity that Zoroastrianism experienced. We do know that at the time of Darius I, 558?-486 B.C.E., it was protected by royalty. Later, however, Zoroastrians were continually chased by the members of the Islamic religion through Kathiawar in India, and Surat, and finally they settled again in Bombay. The universe is the battleground. The opponents are Mazda Ahura, later to be known as Ahura Mazda, and Anra Mainyu, later call ed Ahriman. Ahura Mazda is the good force and the bad is Ahriman. The battle will last till Ahura Mazda defeats Ahriman in the year 12,000 (we are now presumably around 11,500). This is the world and its future in accordance with Zoroastrian beliefs. Zoroaster Zoroaster had a very non-conforming mind and was forced to flee his parents' house without his parents' consent because of the rebuking he gave to those who sacrificed cattle or drank intoxicating haoma. He fled to the mountains and gave himself to God. Sometime between the ages of thirty and forty an angel appeared to him and brought him to the throne of the highest God, Ahura Mazda. After this occurred, the prophet tried for twelve years to convert people, but to no available. During this period many visions were revaled to him. A milestone in the progression of the religion occurred when Zoroaster converted Vishtaspa,the king of Persia. He also converted the king's son, brother, counsellor, and grand vizier. Zoroaster married, along with two other women, the counsellor's daughter. Zoroaster was killed at the age of seventy-seven by Ardshataspa, a neighboring prince, who invaded Vishtaspa's capital. According to the Parsees, Vishtaspa is the father of Darius, who reigned from 521-485 B.C.E. Another view holds that Zoroaster lived 258 years before Alexander the Great; he would have therefore lived between 570 and 500 B.C.E. The Greeks tend to place him six thousand years before Plato. Ahura Mazda, while not necessarily discovered by Zoroaster, was found on an inscription dating around 714 B.C.E. In ancient Persia, before Zoraoster's reforms, religion was polytheistic. Zoroaster objected to these dieties and referred to them as demons. Many of the rituals and Gods that he removed were later reinstated due to the fact that the people were still emotionally attached to them. We can see this from the fact that on the epigraphs of Artaxerxes II Mnemon (404-358 B.C.E.) the Mithras and Anahita, ancient gods, are mentioned. Temples and images of God were also introduced into the religion at a later date. Zoroastrian Beliefs The Zoroastrian religion is based on the fundamental concept of a constant battle of good against evil. The good is represented by Ahura Mazda while the bad is represented by Ahriman. Ahura Mazda created this world as a trap for Ahriman. Human beings draw Ahriman into this world; he will jump at any chance to cause others to do evil. He will then be entering Ahura Mazda's world, and when people choose good over evil voluntarily this will weaken Ahriman to the point where he can be destroyed. It is hard to reconcile the two opposing views on the dieties in the Zoroastrian religion. The claim is made